Split Horizon
If a router receives a set of route advertisements on a
particular interface, RIP determines that those advertisements do not need to
be retransmitted out the same interface. This technique, called split horizon.
Limits the amount of RIP routing traffic by eliminating information that other
neighbours on that interface have already learned.
Poison Reverse
The Poison reverse technique helps to optimize the
transmission of routing information and improve the time to reach network
convergence. If Router A learns about unreachable routes through one of its
interfaces, it advertises those routes as unreachable (hope count of 16) out
the same interface.
RIP periodically
flooding the entire routing table out to the network, it generates a lot of
traffic.
The
Split horizon and poison reverse techniques can help reduce the amount of
network traffic originated by RIP hosts and make the transmission of routing
information more efficient 
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